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This form of resuscitation is also known as EAR (expired air resuscitation). It is used in first aid where the subject has stopped breathing. The technique is taught in practical first aid courses such as that which is offered by St John Ambulance Australia. The following description is a guide only. It is recommended that a first aid course be taken to learn techniques such as EAR and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation).

After establishing that the subject is not breathing, turn onto the back and kneel beside the subject, keeping her or his head tilted back. With one hand pinch the nostrils between your fingers. Use the other hands to lift the jaw forward. Open your mouth wide and take a deep breath, then place your mouth firmly over that of the subject, making an airtight seal, and breathe into the subject’s mouth. Remove your mouth and turn your head towards the subjects chest. Listen for exhaled air and observe whether the chest falls. If there is no exhalation make sure the head is tilted back and check for foreign objects in the airway, removing any obstructions if necessary. Breathe into the subject’s mouth again, giving five full breaths in 10 seconds, then check the pulse in the neck for 5 seconds, placing the ends of your fingers (not thumbs or fingertips) in the groove behind the Adam’s apple on one side only. If pulse is present continue EAR at the rate of 15 breaths per minute. If there is no pulse CPR will be required.

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Anxiety may have an effect on stuttering. The right side of the body is controlled by the left side of the brain and vice versa. In the right-handed person the left side of the brain is dominant over the right, and as a result the right hand is given preference over the left. In those who are left-handed the right side of the brain is dominant over the left. It is believed that stuttering often develops when the dominance of the leading side of the brain is incomplete, or when a potentially left-handed child is trained to function as a right-hander. We see then that stuttering results when the messages from the brain to the organ of speech are indecisive. This indecision may be further increased by the presence of anxiety. This is shown very clearly by the fact that many quite normal people show a hesitancy in their speaking or even a mild stutter when confronted with the task of speaking in some formal situation which produces anxiety.

On the other hand, some people stutter without showing or feeling much tension or anxiety at all. As a general rule these people who stutter in the absence of anxiety do not gain much help in their speech difficulty by practising relaxing mental exercises. However, the majority of stutterers experience considerable tension when they are speaking, and with them the reduction of the general level of anxiety by relaxing mental exercises is a great help toward establishing a pattern of easy normal speech.

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